Modified AODV Routing Protocol Using Artificial Swarm Intelligence Technique in VANET Communications

Two types of ad hoc networks in mobile communications are mainly existing; one is Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) and other one Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is highly demanded wireless ad hoc network. It is based on IEEE 802.11 wireless standard, which facilitates vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to roadside communications through air interface. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) suggests for VANET frequency spectrum (bandwidth) of 75 MHz in the range of 5.850 GHz to 5.925 GHz. In this bandwidth seven channels are fragmented, having each 10 MHz bandwidth, in which six channels are used for services and one channel is used for control purpose like broadcast services, e.g., safety message, announcement, etc. Communicating techniques from one vehicle (source) to another vehicle (destination) through different vehicles (nodes) is called routing. Different routing protocols for communicating information in voice, message, data, etc. from one vehicle (node) to another vehicle are applied. Also intelligent vehicular ad hoc networks (InVANETs) use WiFi IEEE 802.11 and WiMAX IEEE 802.16 for fastest communication between vehicles with dynamic mobility. In this paper we propose Modified Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (M-AODV) routing algorithm. In proposed M-AODV routing protocol for ad hoc mobile networks are advanced by artificial swarm (ant colonies) intelligence technique. Modified AODV protocol is used for both unicast and multicast routing. We also discuss the importance of this Modified AODV routing protocol over all other existing routing protocols in VANET communications.